Thyroid Cancer

The exact cause of thyroid cancer is not always clear, but several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing the disease: Genetic Factors: A family history of thyroid cancer or genetic conditions like familial medullary thyroid cancer. Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to high levels of radiation, particularly in childhood. Age and Gender: Thyroid cancer is more common in women and typically occurs in individuals over the age of 30.

Common symptoms of thyroid cancer include: A lump or swelling in the neck Difficulty swallowing or breathing Hoarseness or changes in the voice Persistent cough not related to a cold

How is Thyroid Cancer Diagnosed? The diagnosis of thyroid cancer involves several steps: Physical Examination: A thorough neck examination to detect lumps or abnormalities. Blood Tests: To check thyroid function and measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and other markers. Ultrasound Imaging: High-frequency sound waves create detailed images of the thyroid gland, helping to identify suspicious nodules. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB): A thin needle is used to extract a sample of cells from the thyroid nodule for microscopic examination to check for cancerous cells. Radionuclide Scan: Sometimes used to assess the activity of thyroid nodules.

Treatment for thyroid cancer depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health: Surgery: The most common treatment, involving the removal of part or all of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy). Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Used to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue or cancer cells after surgery. Hormone Therapy: To replace thyroid hormones and suppress TSH levels, which can help prevent cancer recurrence. External Beam Radiation Therapy: Occasionally used for more advanced thyroid cancers. Targeted Therapy and Chemotherapy: Used in specific cases, particularly for more aggressive types of thyroid cancer.